New federal emissions standards ratings released this year for school bus engines reveal that all fuels, including diesel, are now much cleaner with emissions falling well below EPA emissions standards.
With more and more districts pushing for green fleets, fleet managers are being urged to switch to alternative fuels. Engine manufacturers have been meeting the call by refining engine technology to meet increasingly lower EPA emissions standards.
With new engine innovations and cleaner fuel overall, switching to a newer diesel engine is now comparable to switching to an alternative fuel.
“When you want to determine how green an engine is, the best way to gauge its cleanliness is by looking at its EPA rating,” said Caley Edgerly, president and CEO of Thomas Built Buses. “Maybe not so surprisingly to some, all fuel types, including diesel, CNG, propane and gasoline, are all certified as ‘clean fuels’ and meet or exceed federal emissions standards. In some instances, diesel engines, which are 90 percent cleaner than they were in 2006, actually have lower emissions than some alternative-fuel engines. The proof is in the numbers.”
Driven by tougher EPA emissions standards, today’s diesel is composed of an ultra-low sulfur formula, which became standard in the U.S. in 2010. This new diesel formula is estimated to remove 2.6 million tons of nitrogen oxide from the air per year and reduce soot and particulate matter by 110,000 tons per year. Breaking this down to a per-bus standard, diesel today now emits no more than .2 grams per brake horsepower per hour of nitrogen oxides and .01 grams per brake horsepower per hour of particulate matter, which is a dramatic decrease from years past.
All engine manufacturers must share the EPA emissions ratings for their engines based on Federal Test Procedure (FTP) cycles. A deeper dive in the publicly shared 2017 Emissions Rating data reveals the true picture for all fuel types.
- Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Emissions—Nitrogen oxide levels, the main cause of acid rain, have dramatically declined in engines since 2007, decreasing from 1.2 grams per brake horsepower per hour to just .2 grams per brake horsepower per hour. Today, all engines exceed federal emissions standards for NOx emissions and are fairly comparable to one another in NOx emissions ratings. Across the board, all 2017 engines have NOx levels ranging from .05 to .16 grams per brake horsepower per hour.
- Particulate Matter (PM)—Particulate matter is a key concern for many schools because it is known to be a carcinogen. However, across the board, the particulate matter emissions for all engines fall well below the federal emissions standards and are so minute that each engine’s rating varies only at the ten-thousandths level, meaning the difference between each engine type for PM rating is extremely small, almost negligible. While the federal emissions standard is .01 grams per brake horsepower per hour, the engine that emits the most PM (a propane engine) still only emits 30 percent of the total federal emissions standard while the new Detroit™ DD5™ diesel engine only emits 10 percent of the total federal emissions standard.
- Carbon Monoxide (CO) & Nonmethane Hydrocarbon (NMHC) Emissions—While still rated well below federal emissions standards, some alternatively-fueled engines actually emit more CO and NMHC emissions than diesel fuel. For both NMHC emissions, which causes smog, and CO, a greenhouse gas, propane and gasoline engines actually emit far more emissions than other types of engines, up to six times more NMHC and 645 times more CO.
“The fact that all fuel types are now cleaner and comparable to one another in terms of emissions is great news for fleets and fleet managers who are feeling the pressure to decrease their emissions,” said Edgerly. “Now, instead of focusing just on emissions data, school districts can go back to focusing on engine efficiency, reliability, maintenance and total cost of ownership when choosing an engine.”
